Since 2000 the Equestrian Federation of Ireland (EFI), now Horse Sport Ireland (HSI) in conjunction with the Irish Government and its agencies, has been committed to implementing the Anti-Doping Policy, which regulates all equestrian competitors. As members of the HSI this policy applies to all members of Dressage Ireland wishing to compete.
A Therapeutic Use Exemption form (TUE) must be completed if you are on medication that is forbidden.
This policy is in line with the International Olympic Council with the following important addition:
Alcohol - in competition a blood level in excess of 80mg per ml is not permitted (as per driving levels)
Cannabinoids - in competition: zero tolerance.
If tested and proven positive, the penalties will include suspension from the competition, and/or a possible ban.
A full listing of banned substances can be found below.
Listing of Forbidden Substances
Doping contravenes the ethics of both sport and medical science.
Doping consists of:
1. The administration of substances belonging to prohibited classes of pharmacological agents, and/or
2. The use of various prohibited methods.
Prohibited Classes of Substances
Stimulants
Narcotics
Anabolic Agents
Diuretics
Peptide hormones, mimetics and analogues
Prohibited methods
Blood doping
Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation
Classes of Drugs Subject to Certain
Restrictions
Alcohol
Cannabinoids
Local anaesthetics
Corticosteroids
Beta-blockers
List of Examples of Prohibited Substances
Prohibited substances fall into the following classes of substances:
a) Stimulants
b) Narcotics
c) Anabolic Agents
d) Diuretics
e) Peptide hormones, mimetics and analogues
All substances belonging to the prohibited classes cannot be used even if they are not listed as examples. For this reason the term "and related substances" is introduced. This term describes drugs that are related to the class by their pharmacological action and/or chemical structure.
A. Stimulants
Prohibited substances in class (a) include the following examples:
Amiphenazole
Amphetamines
Amineptinne
Bromantan
Caffeine*
Carphedon
Cocaine
Ephedrines
Fencamfamine
Mesocarb
Pentetrazol
Pipradol
Salbutamol***
Salmeterol***
Terbutaline**
.... and related substances
*For caffeine the definition of a positive is a concentration in urine greater than 12 micrograms per millilitre.
**For ephedrine, cathine and methylephedrine, the definition of a positive is a concentration in urine greater than 5 micrograms per milliliter. For phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine, the definition of a positive is a concentration in urine greater than 10 micrograms per milliliter. If more than one of these substances are present below their respective thresholds, the concentrations should be added. If the sum is greater than 10 micrograms per millitre, the sample shall be considered positive.
***Permitted by inhaler only to prevent and/or treat asthma and exercise induced asthma. Written notification of asthma and/or exercise induced asthma by a respiratory or team physician is necessary to the relevant medical authority.
NOTE: all imidazole preparations are acceptable for topical use e.g. oxymetazoline. Vasoconstrictors (e.g. adrenaline) may be administered with local anaesthetic agents. Topical preparations (e.g. nasal, ophthalmological) of phenylephrine are permitted.
B. Narcotics Prohibited substances in class (b) include the following examples
Buprenorphine
Dextromoramide
Diamorphine (heroin)
Methadone
Morphine pentazocine
Pethidine
....and related substances.
NOTE: codeine, dextramethorphan, dextrapropoxphene, dihyrocodeine, diphenoxylate, ethylmorphine, pholcodine, propoxyphene, and tramadol are permitted.
C. Anabolic Agents Prohibited substances in class C include the following examples
1 Anabolic androgenic steroids
A
Clostebol
Fluoxymesterone
Metandienone
Metenolone
Nandrolone
10-norandrostenediol
19-norandrostennedione
Oxandrolone
Stanozolol
B
Androstenediol
Androstenedione
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Dihydrotestosterone
Testosterone*
....and related substances
Evidence obtained from metabolic profiles and/or isotopic ratio measurements may be used to draw definitive conclusions.
The presence of a testosterone (T) to epitestosterone (E) ratio greater than six (6) to one (1) in the urine of a competitor constitutes an offence unless there is evidence that this ratio is due to a physiological or pathological condition, e.g. low epitestosterone excretion, androgens production of tumor, enzyme deficiencies. In the case of T/E higher than 6, it is mandatory that relevant medical authority conduct an investigation before the sample is declared positive. A full report will be written and will include a review of previous, subsequent tests, and any results of endocrine investigations. In the event that previous tests are not available, the athlete should be tested unannounced at least once per month for three months. The results of these investigations should be included in the report. Failure to cooperate in the investigations will result in declaring the sample positive.
2 Beta-2 agonists (When administered orally or by injection)
Bambuterol
Clenbuterol
Fenoterol
Formoterol
Reproterol
Salbutamol*
Terbutaline*
...and related substances
Authorised by inhalation as described in Article (1.A.)
D. Diuretics Prohibited substances in class (d) include the following examples:
Acetazolamide
Bumetanide
Chlorthalidone
Ethacrynic acid
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Mannitol*
Mersalyl
Spironolactone
Triamterene
.....and related substances
*Prohibited by intravenous injection.
E Peptide hormones, mimetics and analogues
Prohibited substances in class (e) include the following examples and their analogues and mimetics
Chorionic Gonadotrphin (HCG)
Pituitary and synthetic gonadotrophins (LH)
Corticotrophin (ACTH, tetracosactide)
Growth hormone (HGH, somatotrophin)
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF -1)
And all the respective releasing factors and their analogues
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Insulin Permitted only to treat insulin-depenndent diabetes. Written notification of insulin-dependent diabetes by an endocrinologist or team physician is necessary. The presence of an abnormal concentration of an endogenous hormone or its diagnostic marker(s) in the urine of a competitor constitutes an offence unless it has been conclusively documented to be dolely due to a physiological or pathological condition.
Prohibited Methods
The following procedures are prohibited:
Blood doping
Blood doping is the administration of blood, red blood cells, artificial oxygen carriers, and related blood products to an athlete.
Pharmaceutical chemical and physical manipulation Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation is the use of substances and of methods with alter, attempt to alter, or may be reasonable expected to alter the integrity and validity of samples used in doping controls. These include, without limitation, the administration of diuretice, catheterisation, sample substitution and or tampering, inhibition of renal excretion such as by probenicid and related compounds, and alterations of testosterone and epitestosterone measurements such as epitestosterone* or bromantan administration.An epitestosterone concentration in the urine greated than 200 nanograms per milliliter will be investigated by studies as in Article (1C 1b) for testosterone.
Classes of Drugs subject to certain restrictions.
(A) Alcohol In competition only, tests may be conducted for alcohol. Blood alcohol levels must not exceed 80 milligrams / milliliter ethanol.
(B) Cannabinoids
In competition only, tests may be conducted for cannabinoids e.g. marijuana, hashish. A concentration in urine of 11-nor-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9carboxylic acid (carboxy-THC) greater than 15 nanograms per millitre is prohibited.
(C) Local Anaesthitics Injectable local anaesthetics are permitted under the following conditions:
a) That bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, procaineetc are used but not cocaine. Vasoconstrictor agents (e.g. adrenaline) may be used in conjunction with local anaesthetics.
b) Only local or intra-articular injections may be administered;
c) Only when medically justified
(D) Corticosteroids
The systematic use of corticosteroids is prohibited. Anal, aural, dermatological, inhalational, nasal and ophthalmological
(but not rectal) administration is permitted. Intra-articular and local injections of corticosteroides are permitted.
Where the rules of a responsible authority so provide, notification of administration may be necessary.
(E) Beta-blockers Some examples of beta-blockers are:
Acebutolol
Alprenolol
Atenolol
Labetalol
Metroprolol
Nadolol
Oxyprenolol
Propranolol
Sotalol
....and related substances.
Where the rules of an International Sports Federation so provide, tests will be conducted for beta-blockers.
SUMMARY OF IOC REGULATIONS FOR DRUGS WHICH NEED WRITTEN NOTIFICATION OF A PHYSICIAN
*Salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutaline; all other beta-agonists are prohibited
**Except cocaine, which is prohibited.
*** Where the rules of the responsible authority so provide, notification may be necessary
SUMMARY OF URINARY CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE WHICH 10C ACCREDITED LABORATORIES MUST REPORT FINDINGS FOR SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES.
SUMMARY OF IOC REGULATIONS FOR DRUGS WHICH NEED WRITTEN NOTIFICATION OF A PHYSICIAN
*Salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutaline; all other beta-agonists are prohibited
**Except cocaine, which is prohibited.
*** Where the rules of the responsible authority so provide, notification may be necessary
SUMMARY OF URINARY CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE WHICH 10C ACCREDITED LABORATORIES MUST REPORT FINDINGS FOR SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES.
Caffeine > 12 micrograms/millilitre
Carbosy-THC > 15 nanograms/millilitre
Cathine > 5 micrograms/millilitre
Ephedrie > 5 micrograms/millilitre
Epitestosterone > 200 micrograms/millilitre
Methylephedrine > 5 micrograms/millilitre
Morphine > 1 microgram/milliliter
Phenylpropanolamine > 10 micrograms/millitre
T/E ratio > 6
Members may apply to the EFI for further details. A full copy of the EFI doping control policy has been lodged with the secretary of Dressage Ireland.
